This is known from a view of the tender and fine vessels, and of the slender make of the whole body, a long neck, a flat and narrow thorax, depressed scapulæ the blood of a bright red, thin, sharp, and hot the skin transparent, very white and fair, with a blooming red in the cheeks the wit quick, subtle, and early ripe with regard to the age, and a merry chearful disposition.īased on the stage of the disease, treatments included regular bloodletting, administration of expectorants and purgatives, healthful diet, exercise such as vigorous horseback riding, and, in the grim final stages, opiates. In the first edition of Encyclopædia Britannica (1768), it was reported that a tendency to develop “consumption of the lungs” could tragically be expected in people who were fine, delicate, and precocious: The cause was assumed to be mainly constitutional, either the result of an inherited disposition or of unhealthy or dissolute living. In the medical writings of Europe through the Middle Ages and well into the industrial age, tuberculosis was referred to as phthisis, the “white plague,” or consumption-all in reference to the progressive wasting of the victim’s health and vitality as the disease took its inexorable course. Evidence of mycobacterial infection has also been found in the mummified remains of ancient Egyptians, and references to phthisis, or “wasting,” occur in the writings of the Greek physician Hippocrates. tuberculosis similar to strains present in the 21st century. Genetic evidence gathered from these studies indicates that roughly 9,000 years ago there existed a strain of M. tuberculosis and humans have long coexisted comes primarily from studies of bone samples collected from a Neolithic human settlement in the eastern Mediterranean. ![]() SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!Įvidence that M.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.Britannica Beyond We’ve created a new place where questions are at the center of learning.100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians. ![]() COVID-19 Portal While this global health crisis continues to evolve, it can be useful to look to past pandemics to better understand how to respond today.Student Portal Britannica is the ultimate student resource for key school subjects like history, government, literature, and more.Demystified Videos In Demystified, Britannica has all the answers to your burning questions.This Time in History In these videos, find out what happened this month (or any month!) in history. ![]()
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